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Anatolacerta has included 3 species and one of them is Anatololacerta anatolica (Werner 1900). This species has two distinct subspecies respectively; Anatololacerta anatolica anatolica and Anatololacerta anatolica aegaea (Eiselt and Schmidtler 1987). The systematic of Anatololacerta based on morphology and which is included species has not been studied karyotypically. Therefore we aimed to report the karyotype of specimens and obtained differences from 4 different populations of Anatololacerta anatolica subspecies which is distributed in Western Anatolia. The result showed that two subspecies possess 2N = 38 uniarmed (subtelocentric) chromosomes that is 36 macrochromosomes and 2 microchromosomes.Also meiotic plates showed that 19 bilavents.

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The rapid development of innovative molecular tools for characterizing biodiversity is leading to an extensive and sometimes unexpected renovation of taxonomic classifications. Particularly, for species having allopatric or parapatric distributions or resulting from recent speciation processes, the absence of clear phenotypic differentiation may hinder the recognition of closely related taxa, while intraspecific polymorphism may be confused with the presence of more than one single species. In the present work, we apply different phylogenetic methods in order to infer relationships within the genus Anatololacerta, and to assess the taxonomy of this morphologically diversified group of lizards endemic to western and southern Anatolia and some neighboring Aegean islands. According to morphology, three species have been recognized (Anatololacerta anatolica, A. oertzeni and A. danfordi) as well as several subspecies, but small variation at immunological markers led some authors to join all the populations into one single taxon, A. danfordi. By selecting both mitochondrial and nuclear informative markers, we tested the effectiveness of classical “gene tree” (i.e. Bayesian Inference) vs. innovative (i.e. coalescent-based) “species tree” methods in resolving the Anatololacerta taxonomic enigma, as a case in point for similar studies on species complexes resulting from non-obvious and cryptic diversification patterns. According to our results, the “gene tree” method failed in resolving phylogenetic relationships among clades, whereas the multi-locus “species tree” approach, coupled with species delimitation methods, allowed the identification of four well distinct species. These species probably diversified in different allopatric refugia located in southern and western Anatolia, where isolated populations may have persisted during Pleistocene glacial cycles.

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REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS ON SAMOS During a two week holiday on Samos, the follo- wing species were observed: Rona ridibunda, Agamastellio, Ophisaurusapodus, Ophisopsele- gans, Lacerta trilineata cariensis, Mabuya aura- to, L. anatolicaaegaea, Natrixnatrixpersa, Colu- ber caspius, C. najadum, Eirenis modestus, Eryx jaculus, Mauremyscaspica. Some of these species were not known to occur on the island. For each of the species some notes are given (if possible) about environment, status and behaviour.

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An as yet undiagnosed illness of lacertid lizards of the genera Algyroides, Gallotia, Lacerta, and Algyroides is described. The main symptoms are runny eyes, apathy, food und water refusal. The illness is almost always fatal. Antibiotics like tetracyclines and sulphathiazole had no effect. It is not known whether the disease is contagious. Some species like green lizards seem to be more susceptible. Stress is thought to possibly play an important role in this disease.

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The interspecific relationships among female size, clutch size, egg size, and hatchling size were examined for 64 European lacertids. The eggs of all species increased linearly in both linear dimensions and mass during incubation. Across species initial egg mass was positively correlated with juvenile mass, with an allometric relationship exponent of 0.87. Initial egg mass across species increased proportionally with female mass to the power of 0.57. Moreover, an increase in maternal mass was also accompanied by an increase in clutch size. The number of eggs per clutch across species scaled with female mass to the power of 0.39. Removing the effect of female mass resulted in a negative correlation between egg mass and clutch size. Species for which the average egg size was lower than expected on the basis of female mass, tended to have larger relative clutch size. The total egg mass per clutch was about one third of female mass (exponent 0.94).

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In this study, two subspecies of Lacerta anatolica (Lacerta anatolica anatolica and Lacerta anatolica aegaea), which are distributed in the Northwest and the West Anatolia, are investigated karyologically and taxonomically. The total of 32 specimens are collected and L . a. anatolica (9 males,9 females) and L . a. aegaea (8 males, 6 females) subspecies are studied at 4 different localities. Totally 19 specimens are studied cytogenetically; 9 of them belong to L . a. aegaea (5 m., 4 f.) subspecies and 10 of them belong to L . a. anatolica (6 m., 4 f.) subspecies. Consequently, taxonomic findings relating to two subspecies are arrangement with study of Eiselt and Schmidtler (1986). The result of cytogenetic study displayed that both subspecies has similar karyotypes and these karyotypes possess 2n=38 chromosomes.

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We provide a fi rst complete list of the present and lost reptile type material of the Zoologische Staatssammlung München (ZSM) and discuss various problems involved. The collection currently houses primary types of 184 taxa (128 holotypes, 44 lectotypes, and 12 taxa based on syntype series), 112 of them currently considered valid. Furthermore, 63 taxa are exclusively represented by secondary types (paratypes, paralectotypes). The ZSM collection strongly suffered from losses during World War II. Approximately 90 primary reptile type specimens or primary type series are considered to be destroyed during that time. The historical focus of the collection is the South American region. This is primarily based on material collected by Spix and Martius during their expedition to Brazil from 1817 to 1820. Primary types of 83 reptile taxa were collected during this expedition – approximately half of them described by J. G. Wagler – but currently specimens of only 53 taxa are still present in Munich. Subsequently, herpetological research in South America was continued during the fi rst half of the 20th Century by L. Müller und W. Hellmich, who deposited primary type material of 95 reptile taxa (49 from South America, among them 26 of the iguanid genus Liolaemus) in the ZSM, 47 of them still represented by primary types. Another geographical focus of the reptile type collection is the Mediterranean area, the Macaronesian region and the Middle East with a total of 46 extant primary types. Herpetological research in this area dates back to descriptions by G. Jan in 1863 and was continued by L. Müller, H. H. Schleich, A. Beutler, and especially J. F. Schmidtler and their respective collaborators.